The Economist explains

What is the Shanghai Co-operation Organisation?

Conflicting visions among its growing membership mean it poses little threat to the West

FILE - Chinese President Xi Jinping, right, and Russian President Vladimir Putin pose for a photo at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Summit in Qingdao in eastern China's Shandong Province on June 10, 2018. President Xi Jinping is using his first trip abroad since the start of the pandemic to promote China's strategic ambitions at a summit with Putin and other leaders of a Central Asian security group. (AP Photo/Alexander Zemlianichenko, File)

WESTERN LEADERS may cast a nervous glance at Samarkand, a city in Uzbekistan, where the Shanghai Co-operation Organisation (SCO) gathers for a summit on September 15th and 16th. China’s president, Xi Jinping, on his first foreign trip since the outbreak of covid-19, is expected to meet his Russian counterpart, Vladimir Putin. Others attending include Iran’s president, Ebrahim Raisi; his country is set to become a full member. Western leaders are pointedly not invited to the meeting, the organisation’s first summit since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. What does the SCO do, and should it worry the West?

More from The Economist explains

Would legal doping change the Olympics?

The impact would be smaller—and worse—than proponents of drug-taking claim

Do vice-presidential picks matter?

If they have any effect on an election’s result, it is at the margins


What led to the bitter controversy over an Olympics boxing match?

A mighty punch by an Algerian boxer has revived a politically charged dispute


Is this the end of Project 2025, the plan that riled Donald Trump?

The right-wing blueprint for governing has taken centre-stage in America’s presidential campaign

Who should control Western Sahara?

France becomes the latest country to back Morocco’s claim

Who are the Druze, the victims of a deadly strike on Israel?

The religious minority has often been caught up in regional crossfire in the Middle East