The Economist explains

What are MANPADS, the portable missiles bringing down Russian aircraft?

Britain is supplying Ukraine with its latest generation of STARStreak missiles

Mandatory Credit: Photo by London News Pictures/Shutterstock (1707995b)A gunner of 16 Regiment Royal Artillery mans a Starstreak High Velocity Missile System (HVM) at BlackheathMissiles on Blackheath for Olympics Security Test, London, Britain - 03 May 2012Two members of 16 Regiment Royal Artillery man a Starstreak High Velocity Missile System (HVM) at Blackheath in London today (03/05/12). The missiles have been deployed as part of an exercise involving the RAF, British Army and Royal Navy taking place across London as part of security preparations for the 2012 London Olympic Games

MAN-PORTABLE AIR DEFENCE SYSTEMS (MANPADS) are playing an unexpectedly important role in the war in Ukraine. These shoulder-fired missiles, typified by the American Stinger, are only effective against low-flying aircraft and at a range of a few kilometres. But they have scored a number of kills and are severely impeding Russian air operations. Now Ukrainian forces are getting an upgrade, in the form of the latest STARStreak missiles supplied by Britain. Why are MANPADS crucial to Ukraine’s defence, and what difference might the new missiles make?

More from The Economist explains

Would legal doping change the Olympics?

The impact would be smaller—and worse—than proponents of drug-taking claim

Do vice-presidential picks matter?

If they have any effect on an election’s result, it is at the margins


What led to the bitter controversy over an Olympics boxing match?

A mighty punch by an Algerian boxer has revived a politically charged dispute


Is this the end of Project 2025, the plan that riled Donald Trump?

The right-wing blueprint for governing has taken centre-stage in America’s presidential campaign

Who should control Western Sahara?

France becomes the latest country to back Morocco’s claim

Who are the Druze, the victims of a deadly strike on Israel?

The religious minority has often been caught up in regional crossfire in the Middle East